10.1055/b-0034-84448 Cavernous Malformations of the Cervicomedullary JunctionJoseph M. Zabramski, John R. Robinson, Jr., and Robert F. Spetzler Cavernous malformations are low-flow, hemorrhagic vascular lesions that affect 0.4 to 0.5% of…
10.1055/b-0034-84460 Posterolateral Approach to the Upper Cervical SpineChandranath Sen A variety of tumors occurs in the cervical spine and craniovertebral junction (CVJ). These tumors may arise from the bone, nerve…
10.1055/b-0034-84453 Transoral Approaches to Midline Pathology of the Ventral Skull Base, Craniovertebral Junction, and Upper Cervical SpineDavid Choi and Hugh Alan Crockard The maxim “ventral pathology should be approached ventrally”…
10.1055/b-0034-84466 Techniques of Bone Graft Harvesting and Spinal FusionCurtis A. Dickman In the preparation of bone grafts and surfaces for spinal fusion, meticulous surgical techniques are the best way to…
10.1055/b-0034-84458 The Far-Lateral Approach and Its VariationsNicholas C. Bambakidis, Cliff A. Megerian, and Robert F. Spetzler A wide variety of surgical approaches has been described for lesions of the clivus,…
10.1055/b-0034-84454 Transoral–Translabiomandibular Approach to the Craniovertebral JunctionIvo P. Janecka The clivus and upper cervical vertebral bodies constitute the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). These anatomical structures at the cranial base are located…
10.1055/b-0034-84463 Approaches to the Jugular ForamenMadjid Samii, Marcos Tatagiba, and Venelin M. Gerganov The complex bony and neurovascular anatomy of the jugular foramen has created the reputation for this region…
10.1055/b-0034-84451 Stereotactic Methods of Localization and Image-Guided SurgeryMark P. Garrett, Nicholas C. Bambakidis, and Robert F. Spetzler Frameless stereotactic neuronavigation is an excellent example of the integration of modern technology…
10.1055/b-0034-84457 Extended Endonasal Approaches to the Craniovertebral JunctionYaron A. Moshel, Vijay K. Anand, Roger Härtl, and Theodore H. Schwartz The endoscopic endonasal approach to the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) offers…
10.1055/b-0034-84468 General Principles of Spinal Screw FixationCurtis A. Dickman and Volker K. H. Sonntag Internal spinal fixation can be achieved with wire and bone grafts, cables, clamps, screws, plates, rods,…
