Emergency Management of Acute Psychosis Essential Concepts During all steps of the emergency evaluation of a psychotic patient, ensure the safety of the patient, staff, and other patients in the…

Diagnosing Schizophrenia—Clinical Approach Essential Concepts Schizophrenia is a clinical diagnosis you can make if typical symptoms are present long enough and are severe enough in the absence of other causative…

Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders Essential Concepts Schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are characterized by prominent psychotic symptoms not explained by medical illness or drugs. Schizophrenia is a clinical diagnosis based on a combination of characteristic…

Psychiatric Differential Diagnosis of Psychosis Essential Concepts Delusional disorder is a psychotic disorder with the hallmark of nonbizarre delusions in an otherwise unremarkable person. Mood disorders can be accompanied by…

Secondary Schizophrenia Essential Concepts Before diagnosing primary schizophrenia, you must rule out secondary schizophrenia (i.e., schizophrenic symptoms are secondary to a nonpsychiatric medical disorder, either from a systemic disorder that…

Drug-Induced Psychosis Essential Concepts Some drugs of abuse cause psychosis during intoxication (or during withdrawal in the case of alcohol or sedative-hypnotics). Prolonged psychosis is typical for phenylcyclohexylpiperidine (PCP) and…

Delirium Essential Concepts Delirium is the clinical expression of an acutely failing brain, leading to disturbances of alertness and attention (also known as confusion). Delirium is often accompanied by agitation…

Psychosis Interview Essential Concepts In acute settings, you are most concerned if active psychosis is present (on cross-sectional review); in other settings, a history of psychosis becomes as important (in…

Psychotic Signs and Symptoms Essential Concepts Descriptive psychopathology provides the building blocks for psychiatric diagnosis. It provides the language for observed behaviors and inner experiences. In a narrow sense, psychosis…