Skin Ailments—Tinea Fungal disease affecting the skin General—superficial infection of keratin-containing tissues including skin, nails, and hair shafts Etiology Dermatophytes (Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton) = tinea Yeast (Candida) (see Chapter 2.12)…
Skin Ailments—Pruritus Pruritus (itching) General—clinical finding that can result from a dermatologic disease or a systemic condition. Mechanism—can be due to release of histamine or serotonin, neuropathy, immune based, medications,…
Skin Ailments—Ectoparasites Pediculosis (lice) General—arthropod and obligate parasite which infests humans Clinical—an allergic reaction to louse saliva produces pruritus; takes ≥2 weeks to develop Etiology—lice species affecting humans include Pediculus…
Skin Ailments—Dermatitis Dermatitis—inflammation of the skin Atopic dermatitis (eczema) General—inflammation of the skin typically in those with a family history of atopy Clinical Acute flares—erythema, pruritus, with or without serous…
Skin Ailments—Cellulitis Cellulitis General—an acute infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue marked by inflammation Clinical—pain, warmth, edema, and poorly demarcated erythema on a portion of skin A fever and…
Skin Ailments—Acne Vulgaris Acne vulgaris General—disease of the pilosebaceous glands Pathology—increased sebum, hyperkeratinization, accumulation of debris, and Propionibacterium acnes colonization Clinical—occurs in areas with most pilosebaceous glands (face, neck, chest,…
Sinusitis (Acute Bacterial) Evaluation General—inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal mucosa for ≤4 weeks duration Clinical—similar to an upper respiratory viral infection, but bacterial sinusitis is distinguished by the…
Pneumonia (Community-Acquired) Evaluation General—inflammation of the lungs is typically caused by an infectious process. Clinical—cough, sputum production, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, fatigue, and myalgias. Etiology (in immunocompetent patients)…
Peripheral Arterial Disease Evaluation General—type of peripheral vascular disease affecting blood vessels outside the heart and brain Clinical Claudication—if in the legs, then pain/fatigue with walking which is relieved by…
Peptic Ulcer Disease Evaluation General—lesion of the mucous membrane lining the stomach or duodenum Clinical—epigastric pain (aching, gnawing) that can be intermittent, dyspepsia, with or without nausea/vomiting Gastric ulcer—pain occurs…
