Osteoporosis (Postmenopausal) Evaluation General—a disease of skeletal weakness ranging from asymptomatic bone loss to fractures Epidemiology—affects approximately 8 million American women Risk factors Elderly, white/Asian, family hx, small body frame,…

Nausea/Vomiting Evaluation General—symptoms which range from benign and self-limiting to chronic and life-threatening Terminology (acute ≤1 month; chronic ” class=LK href=”javascript:void(0)” target=right xpath=”/CT{06b9ee1beed59419a81e5e1e1a4f60b0cc8cd1057525de73425b2b43f4df7f1bdc6682b412bce1a63e63ee47d20c9498}/ID(AB1-M10)”>>1 month) Nausea—a vague feeling often described as…

Menopause Evaluation General—menopause is the lasting termination of menstruation. Etiology—age at menopause is thought to be attributable to genetics. Epidemiology—mean age of occurrence is 51; therefore, the average woman will…

Influenza Evaluation General—a common respiratory infection that afflicts many people throughout the world. Influenza season = December through March Clinical—symptoms are typically of sudden onset; mean duration = 7 days…

Hypothyroidism Evaluation General—state of decreased thyroid hormone with varied clinical manifestations Clinical Symptoms—tired, hypersomnia, dry skin, mild weight gain, constipation, cognitive slowing, and so on Signs—bradycardia, slow speech, pallor, periorbital…

Hypokalemia Evaluation General—serum potassium (K) <A onclick="get_content(event,'AB1-M12'); return false;" onmouseover="window.status=this.title; return true;" onmouseout="window.status=''; return true;" title="<3.5 mmol/L Clinical Often asymptomatic especially when mild (K = 3-3.5 mmol/L). Weakness, paralysis, and…

Hyperkalemia Evaluation General—serum potassium (K) ” class=LK href=”javascript:void(0)” target=right xpath=”/CT{06b9ee1beed59419a81e5e1e1a4f60b0cc8cd1057525de73425b2b43f4df7f1b5f5104f2480c94b2ae34a00487f2ae81}/ID(AB1-M10)”>>5.0 mmol per L Clinical Often asymptomatic especially when mild. Weakness, paralysis, and cardiac abnormalities may occur when severe (K ”…

Hypertension (Essential/Primary) Evaluation General—essential/primary hypertension is idiopathic and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiology—25% of adults in the United States have hypertension (” class=LK href=”javascript:void(0)” target=right xpath=”/CT{06b9ee1beed59419a81e5e1e1a4f60b0cc8cd1057525de73425b2b43f4df7f1b5f5104f2480c94b2f4023254e02c7b4f}/ID(AB1-M10)”>>140/90 mm Hg)….

Hyperlipidemia Evaluation General—a significant contributor to atherosclerosis and consequently coronary heart disease (CHD) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a primary mediator of atherosclerosis. Epidemiology—CHD accounts for 500,000 deaths per year in…