Dyspepsia Evaluation General—“bad digestion” translated from Greek Clinical—varied symptoms → upper abdominal discomfort, early satiety, bloating, nausea, and emesis Etiology Forty percent organic—gastroduodenal ulcer (15%-25%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (5%-15%),…

Dysmenorrhea (Menstrual Cramps) Evaluation General—crampy pelvic pain beginning just before or at the onset of menses and lasting 1 to 3 days Etiology—thought to be from prostaglandin release in menstrual…

Diarrhea Diarrhea General—decrease in stool consistency, increase in stool frequency, urgency, ± abdominal discomfort Objective definition → stool weight ” class=LK href=”javascript:void(0)” target=right xpath=”/CT{06b9ee1beed59419a81e5e1e1a4f60b0cc8cd1057525de73425b2b43f4df7f1bd62534eac906fde1253ef56d4feaccab}/ID(AB1-M10)”>>200 g per day (misses 20% of…

Diabetes Mellitus Evaluation General—includes many diseases of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism with resultant hyperglycemia Diagnostic criteria (use any of the following, but results must be confirmed on a separate day) Nonfasting…

Dental Procedures Prophylaxis in Patients at Risk Evaluation General—dental work causes transient bacteremia that may result in endocarditis in at-risk patients. Etiology—the most common cause of endocarditis postdental procedure is…

Cough Differential diagnosis of acute cough (cough lasting <A onclick="get_content(event,'AB1-M12'); return false;" onmouseover="window.status=this.title; return true;" onmouseout="window.status=''; return true;" title="<3 weeks) Common cold (see Chapter 2.15) Allergic rhinitis (see Chapter 2.2)…

Constipation (Chronic) Evaluation General—Rome II diagnostic criteria necessitates two or more of the following for ≥12 weeks in the past year: Straining during ” class=LK href=”javascript:void(0)” target=right xpath=”/CT{06b9ee1beed59419a81e5e1e1a4f60b0cc8cd1057525de73425b2b43f4df7f1b8d46dc14f08b72e3e54f2ce1a6e3642e}/ID(AB1-M10)”>>25% of bowel…

Conjunctivitis (Acute) Evaluation General—inflammation of the mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eye from the inner surface of the eyelid to the corneal edge Clinical (in general)—“red/pink…

Congestive Heart Failure Evaluation General—clinical syndrome which affects heart function; that is, the ability to fill and/or pump blood Clinical—dyspnea, fatigue, edema (lungs and legs); + jugular venous pressure (JVP),…

The Common Cold Evaluation General—the common cold is a lay term for mild upper respiratory illness. Clinical—self-limited disease restricted to the upper respiratory tract; mean duration is 7 to 10…