Introduction Print Section Listen In clinical practice, epileptic seizures with focal onset and subsequent generalized motor involvement are referred to as secondarily generalized seizures.1,2 However, generalized motor manifestations do not…
Introduction Print Section Listen Myoclonus is defined as sudden, brief, shocklike movements caused by muscle contractions (positive myoclonus) or inhibitions (negative myoclonus). It can be confusing to clinicians because of…
Introduction Print Section Listen Infantile spasms, also known as infantile epileptic encephalopathy (IEE), is a severe form of childhood epilepsy that typically manifests within the first year of life and…
Introduction Print Section Listen The most recent classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) defines atonic seizure as “sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone without…
Introduction Print Section Listen The classification of seizures according to whether consciousness is impaired is a major component of the commonly used convention outlined by the International League Against Epilepsy…
Introduction Print Section Listen Tonic seizures have long been recognized as a seizure type that often occurs in the setting of symptomatic generalized epilepsy, more specifically, as part of the…
Introduction Print Section Listen First described over 200 years ago by Tissot, childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common pediatric epilepsy syndrome that affects otherwise normal children, with onset between…
Introduction Print Section Listen Patients referred to tertiary epilepsy centers frequently have complex and long-standing epilepsy. Many have frequent seizures, most are refractory to antiseizure medicines, and many report seizure-related…
Introduction Print Section Listen Video-electroencephalography (EEG) studies are created by simultaneously recording the patient’s EEG and video image with sound. These are time-locked and combined for later review. The result…
Introduction Print Section Listen The electroencephalogram (EEG) provides a real-time measure of brain electrical activity and has proven to be useful in a wide range of clinical settings, for example,…
