Neupsy Key

Summary of Key Points • Imaging of acute spine trauma is complementary to clinical examination and must include not only detection of fractures but careful attention to signs of possible…

Summary of Key Points • Surgical positions, incisions, and retractors are reviewed for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral locations. • Technical details of various surgical approaches are outlined. • Anatomy…

Summary of Key Points • Pediatric spinal deformity can be a complex condition involving and affecting other physiologic systems along with the spine. • Obtaining thorough prenatal and perinatal history,…

Summary of Key Points • Compared to virgin spine operations, reoperations require more extensive exposures. Therefore, the risk of spine instability, neural damage, and infection increases. • Techniques used in…

Summary of Key Points • Cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and pseudomeningoceles are rare complications of spine surgery. • They usually develop shortly after surgery resulting in an increase in postoperative morbidity,…

Summary of Key Points • Postoperative spinal deformity manifests as an inability of the spine to maintain an adequate load-bearing capacity or withstand dynamic forces, which may occur due to…

Summary of Key Points • Spinal orthoses have been used for centuries to augment the structural function of the spine. Advances in orthotic materials, spinal biomechanics, and surgical techniques have…

Summary of Key Points • Arachnoiditis is a nonspecific inflammatory process of the arachnoid layer of the spinal cord or cauda equina. • There are three stages in the progression…

Summary of Key Points • Confounders in clinical investigation are systematic errors that cause a tendency toward erroneous results. The two major forms of bias in retrospective studies are selection…

Summary of Key Points • Back pain is a common complaint seen at least once during the life span in more than two thirds of general population. • Failed back…