Kyphotic Cervical Deformity
Summary of Key Points • Kyphotic cervical deformity can result in both neurologic deficits and functional difficulties. • Imaging is important in determining the degree of kyphosis and treatment strategies….
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery versus Open Spine Surgery
Summary of Key Points • The goal of minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) is to achieve equivalent or superior clinical efficacy compared with traditional open procedures along with minimal tissue…
Osteotomies for the Correction of Deformities
Summary of Key Points • Rigid deformity requires an osteotomy for rebalancing of the spine. • Mild sagittal deformity with intact mobile discs can be treated with posterior column osteotomies….
Spinal Cord Herniation and Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Summary of Key Points • Spinal dura is thinner than cranial dura due to its single histologic layer and as such it is more prone to tear. • Idiopathic spinal…
Penetrating Spinal Cord Injuries
Summary of Key Points • Penetrating injuries are a significant cause of spinal cord injury. • Injury mechanism and magnitude of injuries guide treatment of penetrating spinal injury. • Non-neurologic…
Deformity Correction in the Degenerative Spine
Summary of Key Points • Adult degenerative scoliosis arises after skeletal maturity in a previously normally aligned spine. • Sagittal radiographic spinopelvic parameters are highly correlated with pain and disability…
Spinal Deformity: Measuring, Defining, and Classifying
Summary of Key Points • Spinal deformity is defined as a deviation from normal spinal alignment. Standard deviations of normal parameters suggest a wide variation in normal alignment and should…
Deformity Surgery for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Summary of Key Points • Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by inflammatory back pain and potential progression to disability and deformity. • Clinical characteristics of…
An Approach for Treatment of Complex Adult Spinal Deformity
Summary of Key Points • Decision making in complex spinal problems can be made easier by applying a systematic approach. • “Problem, Goals, Tools, Plan” is a scheme that can…
Spine Deformity and Correction: The Essentials
Summary of Key Points • Spinal deformity must be a major consideration in developing a surgical management strategy in the degenerative spine. • Preoperative planning and careful patient selection are…
