Summary of Key Points • Diagnosis of spinal infections requires a high index of suspicion due to an insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms, especially in children. • Predisposing risk factors…
Summary of Key Points • Percutaneous computed tomography–guided biopsy should be performed in patients when diagnosis may influence the decision to proceed with surgery or the extent of surgery. •…
Summary of Key Points • The NOMS Framework consists of four considerations (neurologic, oncologic, mechanical, and systemic) and facilitates decision making in patients with metastatic spine tumors. • Conventional external…
Summary of Key Points • Lumbar and thoracic spondylosis is a progressive age- and usage-related disorder. • In degenerative spondylosis, the generation of pain may be due to facet hypertrophy,…
Summary of Key Points • A growing number of patients with spinal metastasis are living longer due to better systemic therapies. • The management of patients with spinal metastasis requires…
Summary of Key Points • The majority of operative interventions on the spine in rheumatoid arthritis patients occur at the C1-2 level due to pannus formation or instability. • Current…
Summary of Key Points • Metastatic disease is by far the most prevalent form of spinal neoplasia. • Primary tumors of the spine are far more rare. • Management of…
Summary of Key Points • In the cervical spine, the vertebral arteries must be carefully assessed for tumor involvement and to determine whether they can be sacrificed. • T2-12 thoracic…
Summary of Key Points • Less invasive techniques have been well refined for the performance of lumbar discectomy. • Options include transforaminal and extraforaminal approaches to the disc; visualization may…
Summary of Key Points • Intramedullary lesions of the spinal cord encompass a wide range of histopathology. The majority of these lesions are benign and amenable to surgical resection. •…
