10.1055/b-0035-106380 5 Degenerative and Inflammatory Diseases of the Spine The management of degenerative and inflammatory spine diseases is complex. Alterations of both bony and ligamentous spinal integrity are the predominant…
10.1055/b-0035-106388 13 Implant Material Properties 13.1 Metals 13.1.1 Elements and Alloys Metallurgy is the study of metals, their material properties, and their shaping and treatment by heating and/or cooling. At…
10.1055/b-0035-106376 1 Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy and Material Properties of the Spine and Associated Elements 1.1 Anatomy The vertebral column complex consists of ventrally located vertebral bodies and intervening intervertebral discs…
10.1055/b-0035-106383 8 Neural Element Injury 8.1 Mechanisms of Neural Element Injury External influences can cause a cell to become dysfunctional, or to die, by one or a combination of three…
10.1055/b-0035-106382 7 Spine Deformations Spinal deformities can be the result of unstable motion segments or, conversely, can cause them. The classification of spinal deformities can be confusing. For example, the…
10.1055/b-0035-106384 9 Correlation of the Anatomical and Clinical Domains Surgery for spinal pathology can be grouped into three fundamental and relatively distinct categories: (1) surgery for neural element compression or…
10.1055/b-0035-106379 4 Bone Quality 4.1 The Demographics of Aging A deterioration of bone quality over time is inevitable. Osteoporosis is a relentlessly progressive process. However, it does not manifest until…
10.1055/b-0035-106377 2 Physical Principles and Kinematics Physics is one of the most fundamental of all sciences. An understanding of the physical principles involved in a discipline such as spine surgery…
10.1055/b-0035-106378 3 Stability and Instability of the Spine 3.1 Traditional Concepts White and Panjabi define clinical stability of the spine as the ability of the spine under physiologic loads to…
