Fig. 1 Spatial learning performance as assessed by the water maze. (a) Control animals performed better across the spatial learning trials than cortical animals (p < .05), which performed better than subcortical…
Fig. 1 Speculated pathways involved in AVM pathogenesis. Angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, induce endothelial mitogenesis. When mutation of AVM causative genes occurs, the angiogenic response leads to the formation…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Richard L. Applegate, Gang Chen, Hua Feng and John H. Zhang (eds.)Brain Edema XVIActa Neurochirurgica Supplement12110.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_1 The Evolution of the Clinical Use of Osmotic Therapy in the Treatment of Cerebral Edema…
