17 Adult Low-Grade Spondylolisthesis: Surgical Approach, Role of Fusion, Role of Instrumentation E. RATCLIFFE ANDERSON III AND JEFFREY S. FISCHGRUND First described in 1782 by a Belgian obstetrician, Georges Herbineaux,…
26 Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion: Results and Complications Compared with Open Techniques YOUSSEF R. KARAM AND RICHARD G. FESSLER Lumbar spine fusions have been performed for ~100 years as a…
24 Role of Cervical Disk Replacement: Does It Avoid the Shortcomings of a Fusion? BRUCE V. DARDEN II Since its development in the 1950s, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF)…
9 Vertebral Compression Fractures: Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation JASON C. ECK Osteoporosis leads to ~700,000 new vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) annually in the United States.1,2 It has been estimated that 26%…
14 Cervical Myelopathy: Meaning of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Changes ISHAQ Y. SYED AND HOWARD S. AN Epidemiology Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is spinal cord dys-function caused by age-related degenerative…
29 Spine Infections: Medical versus Surgical Treatment Options ALEXANDER G. HADJIPAVLOU, PANAGIOTIS G. KOROVESSIS, AND KYRIAKOS N. KAKAVELAKIS Spinal infection encompasses several entities with characteristic presentations and clinical courses1; it…
Related posts: Clearing Cervical Spine Injuries: MRI, Dynamic X-rays, CT Surgery for Axial Back Pain: ALIF versus PLIF or TLIF Avoidance of Cervical Adjacent Segment Disease Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation:…
30 Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Spine Surgery BRANDON G. ROCQUE AND DANIEL K. RESNICK Surgical site infections complicate ~1.1% of surgical procedures performed in the United States annually.1 Several…
13 Cervical Myelopathy: Timing of Surgery NANCY E. EPSTEIN When is cervical surgery for patients with cervical myelopathy “early/on time,” or “late/too late”? Evidence-based level I–III medical studies were utilized…
23 Bone Morphogenetic Protein in the Cervical Spine: Efficacy and Associated Risks CYRUS E. TAGHAVI AND JEFFREY C. WANG In July 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved…
