Myasthenia Gravis: Treatment
A. Myasthenic crisis is a life-threatening, rapid worsening of myasthenia gravis (MG) leading to respiratory failure requiring intubation or noninvasive ventilation. Impending crisis is rapid clinical worsening that could lead…
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnosis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies directed against the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle. MG is characterized by fluctuating weakness that worsens with activity and…
Motor Neuron Disease
Motor neuron disease refers to a disease process affecting one or both of the two neurons in the motor circuit: (1) the upper motor neurons (UMNs), which originate in the…
Lumbosacral Plexus Syndromes
The lumbosacral plexus is formed from the L1–S3 nerve roots. It is divided into an upper component (the lumbar plexus), which innervates hip flexion, hip adduction, and knee extension, and…
Brachial Plexus Syndromes
The brachial plexus is formed from the C5–C8 and T1 nerve roots. It is divided into three trunks: the upper trunk is formed by the junction of the C5 and…
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) refers to symptomatic compression of the median nerve in the wrist as it passes through the carpal tunnel, which is bounded by the carpal bones and…
Mononeuropathy Multiplex
Mononeuropathy multiplex (sometimes referred to as mononeuritis multiplex) is defined as lesions affecting two or more nerves that cannot be explained by a single root or plexus injury. The involvement…
Paraprotein-Associated Neuropathies
Neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathies (paraproteinemias) are relatively uncommon. Paraprotein subtypes most frequently associated with polyneuropathy include heavy chains (IgM, IgA, and IgG) and light chains (kappa or lambda). Determining…
Demyelinating Neuropathies
Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) can determine whether a neuropathy is due to injury to the nerve axon (axonal neuropathy) or to the myelin sheath (demyelinating neuropathy). As the number of…
