and Musculoskeletal Modeling: Its Role in Neurorehabilitation
, to the tendon [136]. A common assumption is that muscle maintains a constant volume and the distance between the aponeurosis of origin and insertion is constant. The major effect…
, to the tendon [136]. A common assumption is that muscle maintains a constant volume and the distance between the aponeurosis of origin and insertion is constant. The major effect…
Fig. 1 a Commonly used pulse forms. The depolarization pulse is for all pulse forms rectangular with a pulse-width up to 300 s and the hyperpolarization pulse is (a) not existent…
Fig. 1 Analogy between the coordination of muscles by means of muscle synergies driven by the CNS and the coordination of an orchestra by a director Making an analogy, let…
muscle strength reduction in the ankle plantiflexor muscle, while 12–16 weeks lead to a reduction of muscle strength over the same muscles. Therefore, early therapy is essential for the patient’s…
Fig. 1 Hemiparetic gait TBI patients usually walk slightly faster than patients who had a stroke, with an increased step length. Compared to stroke in patients with TBI, the stance…
Fig. 1 Spinal cord segments (Modified with permission from Cancer Research UK/Wikimedia Commons) In complete SCI, there is no function, sensation, and movement below the level of injury; both sides…
of the world’s population, have some form of disability, with rates increasing due to population ageing [17]. This has lead over the last years to an increasing interest in understanding…
Fig. 1 A unified view of motor control theories. Motor commands are generated according to an optimal feedback control policy, which embeds the requirements of the task. Body and environment…
A review of the effect of treadmill training on CP population by Willoughby et al. (2009) showed augmented speed of over-ground walking measured during a 10 m walking test (10 mWT) and…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016José L. Pons, Rafael Raya and José González (eds.)Emerging Therapies in Neurorehabilitation IIBiosystems & Biorobotics1010.1007/978-3-319-24901-8_12 Virtual Rehabilitation Manuel Bayón-Calatayud1 , Elisabetta Peri2 , Francisco Fernández Nistal3 , Margaret Duff4 , Francisco Nieto-Escámez5 , Belinda Lange6 and Sebastian Koenig6 (1) Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo,…