10.1055/b-0039-172586 24 Lateral Parapharyngeal ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Alberto Schreiber, Davide Mattavelli As illustrated in the previous chapter, the transnasal approach to the parapharyngeal space can be divided…
10.1055/b-0039-172581 19 Medial Petrous Apex ApproachVittorio Rampinelli, Marco Ravanelli, Andrea Bolzoni Villaret, Francesco Doglietto The petrous apex, a complex bony area located between the middle and posterior cranial fossa, is…
10.1055/b-0039-172585 23 Medial Parapharyngeal ApproachAlberto Schreiber, Marco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Vittorio Rampinelli, Davide Lancini The parapharyngeal space is a suprahyoid infracranial fascial space of the neck, whose shape is typically…
10.1055/b-0039-172583 21 The Suprapetrous (Meckel’s Cave) ApproachVittorio Rampinelli, Marco Ravanelli, Marco Ferrari, Davide Lancini, Alberto Schreiber Meckel’s cave is a cisternal space bounded by the dura and the periosteum that…
10.1055/b-0039-172580 18 Lateral Transcavernous ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Francesco Belotti, Alberto Schreiber, Roberto Maroldi The lateral compartment of the cavernous sinus is located between the cavernous portion of the internal…
10.1055/b-0039-172584 22 Transcondylar/Transjugular Tuberculum (“Far-Medial”) ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Francesco Belotti, Francesco Doglietto The transcondylar/transjugular tuberculum approach is the extreme lateral extension of the lower transclival approach. 1 It was…
10.1055/b-0039-172576 14 Orbital Decompression, Optic Decompression, Supraorbital Approach, and Transorbital ApproachDavide Mattavelli, Marco Ravanelli, Andrea Luigi Camillo Carobbio, Davide Lombardi The sinonasal cavity can be used as a corridor toward…
10.1055/b-0039-172582 20 Infrapetrous ApproachDavide Lancini, Marco Ravanelli, Marco Ferrari, Alberto Schreiber According to the topographical classification of the petrous apex into three segments (superior, anteroinferior, and posteroinferior), the transnasal infrapetrous…
10.1055/b-0039-172578 16 Infratemporal Fossa ApproachAlberto Schreiber, Marco Ravanelli, Marco Ferrari, Vittorio Rampinelli The infratemporal fossa is a deep space of the upper neck that lies inferiorly to the middle cranial…
10.1055/b-0039-172577 15 Transpterygomaxillary ApproachPiero Nicolai, Alberto Schreiber, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Mattavelli, Alberto Deganello The pterygopalatine fossa is a narrow space bounded by the pterygoid process posteriorly, maxillary sinus anterolaterally, and…
