10.1055/b-0039-172579 17 Medial Transcavernous ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Francesco Belotti, Francesco Doglietto The cavernous sinus is a venous dural sinus that is located in the cranial portion of…
10.1055/b-0039-172572 10 Transsellar Transdorsal ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Francesco Belotti, Francesco Doglietto The transdorsal approach constitutes the transnasal pathway through the upper third of the clivus and interpeduncular fossa. This…
10.1055/b-0039-172569 7 Transcribriform ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Vittorio Rampinelli, Alberto Schreiber The transcribriform approach is most frequently employed to resect tumors of the anterior skull base via a…
10.1055/b-0039-172575 13 Transodontoid ApproachFrancesco Doglietto, Francesco Belotti, Andrea Bolzoni Villaret, Marco Ravanelli Being parallel to Kassam’s line, 1 which is considered the inferior anatomical boundary of transnasal endoscopic surgery, the…
10.1055/b-0039-172574 12 Transclival (Lower Clivus) ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Mattavelli, Alberto Schreiber, Francesco Doglietto As seen from the transnasal perspective, the lower third of the clivus almost corresponds to…
10.1055/b-0039-172573 11 Transclival (Midclivus) ApproachVittorio Rampinelli, Davide Mattavelli, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Alberto Schreiber The transclival route can be classified into upper, middle, and lower approaches according to two landmarks:…
10.1055/b-0039-172570 8 Transplanum–Transtuberculum ApproachDavide Mattavelli, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Marco Ferrari, Alberto Schreiber The transplanum–transtuberculum approach provides direct access to the suprasellar areas through the planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae,…
10.1055/b-0039-172571 9 Transsellar ApproachFrancesco Doglietto, Marco Ravanelli, Francesco Belotti, Marco Maria Fontanella The transsellar endoscopic approach to remove pituitary adenomas represented the first application of the endoscopic technique to transnasal…
10.1055/b-0039-172567 5 Corridor to Lateral SpacesAlberto Schreiber, Vittorio Rampinelli, Marco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli Lateral exposure is exceedingly important when approaching skull base pathologies with extension along the medial–lateral axis. Some…
10.1055/b-0039-172565 3 Corridor to the Anterior Skull Base and OrbitDavide Mattavelli, Giacomo Bertazzoni, Alberto Schreiber, Marco Ravanelli, Luca Pianta The corridor toward midline anterior skull base and orbit is mostly…
