22 Spinal/Epidural Analgesic and Pharmacologic Therapy Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 22.1 Introduction Neuraxial drug administration describes a method of delivering pharmacologic therapies directly to and around the spinal cord…
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14 Epiduroscopic, Histopathologic, and Microbiological Findings Günter Schütze 14.1 Introduction In pain medicine literature, the histologic (fine tissue) analysis of neuraxial tissue samples, taken from the vicinity of the spinal…
8 Clinical Indications and Considerations for Epiduroscopy Sing-Ong Lee and Billy K. Huh 8.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy allows direct visualization of anatomic structure of epidural space ( Fig. 8.1). By combining…
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