Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY Acute or sustained elevation of blood pressure (BP) may result in failure of cerebral autoregulatory mechanisms, with vasodilation, hyperperfusion, and exudation of fluid. Increased intracranial…
Five Major Categories of Hemorrhagic Disease: Treatment of Specific Underlying Mechanisms Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disorders cause 15% to 20% of all strokes. These conditions can be divided into five subgroups on…
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Intracranial venous thrombosis may arise from infectious or noninfectious processes. Since the introduction of antibiotics, the frequency of venous thrombosis has decreased considerably, apparently from the prevention…
Four Major Categories of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Identification and Treatment CARDIAC DISEASE Cerebrovascular conditions that result from cardiac disorders include cerebral infarction, transient ischemic attack (TIA), syncope, and global anoxia….
Intracerebral Hemorrhage: General Evaluation and Treatment As noted in Chapter 1, patients with intracerebral (intraparenchymal) hemorrhage (ICH) typically present with relatively abrupt onset of focal neurologic symptoms and signs that…
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: General Evaluation and Treatment PATIENT EVALUATION The diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) requires suspicion on the part of medical personnel in initial contact with the patient. Although the…
Major Cerebral Infarction: General Evaluation and Treatment GENERAL MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Patients with acute stroke should be treated with the same sense of urgency as patients with an acute myocardial infarction…
Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Cerebral Infarction General Evaluation and Treatment A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is defined as a temporary episode of focal neurologic dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia…
Management of Acute Stroke in Critically Ill Patients While efforts are underway to determine the mechanism of acute cerebrovascular disease, the patient should be given supportive care to maintain general…
Laboratory Evaluation Laboratory and radiologic investigations allow anatomic localization of the cerebrovascular event and assist in the determination of its pathogenesis. Techniques that are available to aid the physician in…
