Fig. 12.1 Inflammatory pathways to psychosis, adapted from Najjar et al. (2013). In the microglia/astroglia an M2 phenotype is favored, leading to a balance shift to the left in the…
Fig. 11.1 Summary of main steps in the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway. In depression, the neurodegenerative pathway, leading to the synthesis of the neurotoxins quinolinic and picolinic acids, is increased while the…
Fig. 10.1 Effects of inflammation on related metabolisms. The lines in green colour = metabolic process, the lines in blue colour = transport across blood brain barrier, the lines in red colour (complete) = activation, the…
Appleton KM, Rogers PJ, Ness AR. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:757–70.PubMed Asevedo E,…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Norbert Müller, Aye-Mu Myint and Markus J. Schwarz (eds.)Immunology and PsychiatryCurrent Topics in Neurotoxicity810.1007/978-3-319-13602-8_7 7. Exposure to Microorganisms and Adult Psychiatric Disorders: The Case for a Causal Role of Toxoplasma gondii…
Study Source and dose of LPS and way of application N Behavioral effects Pollmacher et al. (1993) S. abortus equi, 0.4 ng/kg i.v. 15M Reduction in wakefulness and REM sleep,…
Immunogen Principal mode of action Behavioral and cognitive abnormalities in adult offspring born to immune-challenged mothers Methodological advantages Methodological disadvantages Sensorimotor gating Selective attention Social behavior Exploratory behavior Working memory…
Fig. 3.1 Animal models play an integral role in the development of an understanding of the effect of immune activation and inflammation on behavioural traits. Investigation of mechanisms linking immune–brain…
