71 Optimizing Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Acute Brain Injury Pedro Kurtz 1, Neeraj Badjatia 2 1 Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA…
Figure 40.1. Stroke Code of The Madrid Stroke Network. Activation and distribution of stroke patients by the emergency coordination center. Infrastructure: Stroke Unit. Intensive Care Unit. Emergency Department. Stroke…
Figure 68.1. Algorithm for treatment of acute hypertensive response among patients with stroke and stroke subtypes. Based on the NINDS rtPA prethrombolytic protocol for patients with acute ischemic stroke, for…
Figure 34.1. Algorithm for the treatment of intracranial hypertension. HDB = Barbiturates in high doses; DC = Decompressive craniectomy; HV = Hyperventilation. Although we argue that the best approach would be personalized treatment of a patient’s…
Figure 25.1. The volume tolerance curve, formerly called the compliance curve. The compliance curve was used to describe volume variation over pressure variation; as the curve is exponential, the compliance…
Figure 63.1. Pathophysiology cascade of ischemic neuronal death associated to secondary brain damage. AMPA = α-amino-3-hidroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid type of glutamate receptors; ATP = Adenosin-triphosphate; BAX / Bcl-2 = pro and anti-apoptotic proteins in mytochondrial membrane; Ca++ = calcium;…
Figure 30.1. A schematic illustration of the brain enclosed inside the dura/cranium. ∆Pc denotes transcapillary hydrostatic pressure; Ponc plasma oncotic pressure; PA arterial inflow pressure; RA arterial resistance; RV venular…
Figure 60.1 Algorithm for the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction in severe neurological patients. Modified from [Mayer, 1995]. * Q waves, ST elevation or other changes diagnostic of acute ischemia….
61 Tetanus and Botulism: Intensive Care Management Demócrito de Barros Miranda Filho 1, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes 2 1 Professor Associado de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de…
Figure 26.1. Hemorrhagic stroke with cytotoxic edema as indicated by hypodensity surrounding the hemorrhage. While clinical changes are the most important endpoint of cerebral edema, they indicate an advanced stage…
