10.1055/b-0039-172722 11 Navigated Anterior Transoral Surgery for C1 and C2 PathologiesChristine L. Hammer and James J. Evans Abstract: The transoral approach to the cervical spine is an essential technique that…
10.1055/b-0039-172725 14 Navigated Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody FusionBradley C. Johnson and Thomas J. Errico Abstract: Navigated minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion combines the benefits of minimally invasive surgery,…
10.1055/b-0039-172723 12 Navigated Posterior Correction of Pediatric ScoliosisJustin C. Paul, Arya Varthi, and Raj J. Gala Abstract: A significant number of pediatric scoliosis patients undergo an operation that carries substantial…
10.1055/b-0039-172724 13 Navigated Posterior Instrumentation of the Arthrodesed SpineErika A. Dillard, James S. Harrop, and I. David Kaye Abstract Since the first published case in 1995 describing the use of…
10.1055/b-0039-172721 10 Navigated Subaxial Cervical Spine Pedicle Screw InstrumentationJohn A. Buza III and Peter G. Passias Abstract: Computer navigation increases the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the cervical spine,…
10.1055/b-0039-172720 9 Outcomes in Navigated Spinal SurgeryBrian T. Sullivan, Alex A. Johnson, Nicholas Theodore, Jeff Jacobson, and A. Jay Khanna Abstract: This chapter reviews the major outcomes observed in modern…
10.1055/b-0039-172719 8 Radiation Exposure and Navigated Spinal SurgeryScott C. Wagner Abstract: Ionizing radiation exposure during instrumented spinal surgery may be associated with increased long-term risks to the surgeon, operating room…
10.1055/b-0039-172718 7 Supervisory-Controlled RoboticsSohrab Pahlavan and Nathan H. Lebwohl Abstract: Supervisory-controlled robotics involves a semiautomated process executed by a robotic application that is actively supervised by a human operator. It…
10.1055/b-0039-172717 6 Telesurgical RobotsKyle W. Mombell and Patrick B. Morrissey Abstract Telesurgical robots are machines that allow for the completion of complex and delicate surgical tasks under direct control of…
10.1055/b-0039-172716 5 Shared Control RoboticsElvis L. Francois and Arjun S. Sebastian Abstract Shared control robotics is a system in which the user maintains some degree of direct or indirect control…
