10.1055/b-0039-172714 3 Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spine Surgery: A Versatile and Useful AdjunctRalph T. Schär, Howard J. Ginsberg, and Jefferson R. Wilson Abstract: Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been used in spine…
10.1055/b-0039-172715 4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based NavigationJonathan G. Seavey and Langston T. Holly Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution imaging of soft tissues via the excitation of hydrogen nuclei placed…
10.1055/b-0039-172713 2 Three-Dimensional Computer-Assisted Navigation PlatformsBarrett S. Boody Abstract: Intraoperative navigation technology for spine utilizes existing neurosurgical core concepts utilized with brain surgery. Over the past 50 years, advancements in…
10.1055/b-0039-172712 1 Principles of Navigated Pedicle Screw PlacementYusef I. Mosley and Srinivas K. Prasad Abstract Treatment of spinal pathology often necessitates spinal instrumentation. The methods used for spinal instrumentation have…
