© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_19 19. Pathophysiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Sebastien Couillard-Despres1 , Lara Bieler1 and Michael Vogl1 (1) Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of…
Stage Description Stage 1 Non–blanchable erythema of intact skin Intact skin with a localized area of non-blanchable erythema, which may appear differently in darkly pigmented skin. Presence of blanchable erythema…
Patient-reported symptom assessments Penn Spasm Frequency Scale Spinal cord injury spasticity evaluation tool (SCI-SET) Patient-reported impact of spasticity measure (PRISM) Clinical assessments of tone Ashworth and modified Ashworth Resistance to…
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Nociceptive pain Musculoskeletal pain For example Articular trouble/joint pain Fracture-associated pain Spasm-related muscle pain Back pain/lumbago Pain related to heterotopic ossification Visceral pain For…
Country Year Prevalence (cases/million population) USA [6] 2013 906 Canada [7] 2010 1298 Norway [8] 2002 365 Finland [9] 1999 280 Australia [10] 1997 681 Germany [11] 2015 500 France…
Category Examples Recommended diagnostics Structural abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord Spinal cord compression from neoplasm or spondylosis, tethered cord syndrome, spinal cord arteriovenous malformation MRI of entire neuraxis…
