Abstract The heart is controlled by dynamic interactions within the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS). This interaction occurs between intrathoracic extracardiac and intrinsic cardiac ganglia as well as between peripheral…
Abstract The course of many diseases can be significantly improved by therapeutic modulation of inflammation. Currently available therapy for regulation of inflammation is often suboptimal. There is great promise in…
Abstract Asthma is a debilitating and life-threatening disorder resulting in 2 million emergency room visits each year and 500,000 hospital admissions. Asthma is characterized, in part, by smooth muscle contraction,…
Abstract About 5%–7% of the general population in Western societies are affected by immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (El-Gabalawy et al., 2010) that include, but are not limited to, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, psoriatic…
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generated by a collapse of the soft tissue and tongue in the oropharynx that can block the airway passages during sleep and affects nearly…
Abstract Bladder and bowel emptying can be restored after suprasacral spinal cord injury by stimulating parasympathetic nerves to produce contraction of these organs. This greatly reduces urinary tract infection, catheterization,…
Abstract This chapter discusses sacral nerve neuromodulation (SNM), indications, mechanism of action, procedure, outcome, and possible complications. SNM with InterStim therapy is reversible, effective, and safe with no major complication….
Abstract This chapter provides a systematic review on intestinal electrical stimulation. First, intestinal motility and intestinal myoelectrical activity are introduced. Abnormalities in intestinal motility and intestinal electrophysiology in various clinical…
Abstract The rising incidence of hypertension and the increasing prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension carry significant societal impact from a public health perspective. Nonpharmacologic adjuncts to the treatment of hypertension are…
Abstract Central sleep apnea (CSA) is highly prevalent, especially in patients with cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It has important detrimental effects on sleep quality and oxygenation, resulting in daytime sleepiness…
