Abstract While restoration of inspiratory muscle function to restore breathing in ventilator-dependent spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects is an important clinical modality, restoration of expiratory muscle function may be even…
Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generated by a collapse of the soft tissue and tongue in the oropharynx that can block the airway passages during sleep and affects nearly…
Abstract Asthma is a debilitating and life-threatening disorder resulting in 2 million emergency room visits each year and 500,000 hospital admissions. Asthma is characterized, in part, by smooth muscle contraction,…
Abstract In communication between the central nervous system (CNS), autonomic nervous system (ANS), and the enteric nervous system (ENS), sensory afferent fibers relay information pertaining to varying conditions, while efferent…
Abstract In the United States alone, between 20% and 45% of population will suffer from chronic visceral pain during their lifetime. Fewer than 50%–70% of the patients will have a…
Abstract Central sleep apnea (CSA) is highly prevalent, especially in patients with cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It has important detrimental effects on sleep quality and oxygenation, resulting in daytime sleepiness…
Abstract Upper airway neurostimulation of the hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) is a newly available therapy for a select group of patients suffering from moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea…
Abstract Mechanical ventilation (MV), although lifesaving, has significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. One of the primary causes of prolonged MV is diaphragm control abnormalities causing disuse atrophy. Diaphragm…
Abstract The rising incidence of hypertension and the increasing prevalence of treatment-resistant hypertension carry significant societal impact from a public health perspective. Nonpharmacologic adjuncts to the treatment of hypertension are…
Abstract Aged related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are two degenerative diseases that affect mainly the photoreceptors layer, rendering the retina unable to translate light into biological signals…
