Epidermal growth factor variant III (EGFRvIII) is the most common alteration of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor found in human tumors. It is commonly expressed in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM),…
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a cytokine that acts on cell-surface receptors, activating transcription of genes that offer treatment potential by increasing tumor immunogenicity, disrupting proliferative mechanisms, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. However,…
Despite advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of brain cancer, the outcome of patients with malignant gliomas treated according to the current standard of care remains poor. Novel therapies are…
Several immunostimulant approaches have been studied in the treatment of gliomas. The advent of recombinant DNA technology led to a nonspecific immunostimulation via systemic administration of cytokines. Recently, in attempts…
The central nervous system (CNS) has evolved as an immune-privileged site to protect its vital functions from damaging immune-mediated inflammation. There must be a CNS-adapted system of surveillance that continuously…
Abnormalities of cellular immunity are commonly seen in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), and the subsequent relative immunosuppression likely contributes to poor tumor-specific responses in affected individuals. Endogenous immune regulation is…
Even though the central nervous system (CNS) was conventionally defined as “immunologically privileged”, new discoveries have demonstrated the role of the immune system in neurologic disease and illness, including gliomas….
The most common primary brain neoplasm is glioblastoma multiforme, which is associated with a dismal prognosis. Despite the recommended treatment regimen of aggressive surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median…
