Management of high-grade spondylolisthesis (HGS) remains challenging and is associated with significant controversies. The best surgical procedure remains debatable. Although the need for instrumentation is generally agreed upon, significant controversies…
Given the substantial growth in frequency and expense of spine deformity surgery, and the general economic landscape of the health care system, health economics research has an important role in…
Cervical deformity is disruption of normal cervical alignment. This article focuses on the varying etiology of cervical deformity, normative data, and evaluation and examination of deformity, and presents various treatment…
Many surgeons use minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches for treatment of patients with adult degenerative spinal deformity. The feasibility and efficacy of these techniques in the treatment of certain subtypes…
The practice of appropriate evidence-based medicine should be a goal for all physicians. By using protocols in areas where strong evidence-based medicine exists, physicians have reliably shown they can improve…
Proximal junctional failure (PJF) should be distinguished from proximal junctional kyphosis, which is a recurrent deformity with limited clinical impact. PJF includes mechanical failure, and is a significant complication following…
Various osteotomies are useful in making a rigid deformity flexible enough for realignment in coronal and sagittal plane. This article defines the osteotomies and their usefulness in treatment of specific…
Scoliosis is a broad term encompassing multiple pathologies with different etiologies. Patients may range from the infant with congenital deformity, to the adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis, to the elderly patient…
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a complex disease state that pathologically alters standing upright posture and is associated with substantial pain and disability. This article provides an overview of classification…
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects up to 3% of the population. It can be stratified by curve type according to the Lenke classification. This classification system incorporates curve magnitude, flexibility,…
