Neupsy Key

Treatment of dystonia refractory to oral medications or botulinum toxin injections includes the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Expectations should be established based on patient-related factors, including type of…

Major depressive disorder is among the most disabling illnesses and, despite best practices with medication and psychotherapy, many patients remain ill even after several treatment trials. For many of these…

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a movement disorder characterized by repetitive stereotyped motor and phonic movements with varying degrees of psychiatric comorbidity. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as…

This article describes the basis for neuromodulation procedures for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and summarizes the literature on the efficacy of these interventions. Discussion includes neural circuitry underlying OCD pathology, the…

Chronic neuropathic pain affects 8.2% of adults, extrapolated to roughly 18 million people every year in the United States. Patients who have pain that cannot be controlled with pharmacologic management…

Various pelvic floor conditions, including overactive bladder syndrome and chronic pelvic pain, have been successfully managed with the neuromodulation of sacral nerves. Sacral neuromodulation is a minimally invasive procedure involving…

Multiple studies have shown proved efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in peripheral vascular disease (PVD). The exact mechanism by which SCS acts in the treatment of PVD is not…

The lumbar spinal cord contains the necessary circuitry to independently drive locomotor behaviors. This function is retained following spinal cord injury (SCI) and is amenable to rehabilitation. Although the effectiveness…

Chronic migraines (CM) affect approximately 2% of the population, resulting in significant disability, economic burden, and impairments in quality of life. Historical neurosurgical procedures, such as lesioning of the trigeminal…