Surgical excision of brain tumors provides a means of cytoreduction and diagnosis while minimizing neurologic deficit and improving overall survival. Despite advances in functional and three-dimensional stereotactic navigation and intraoperative…
Convection-enhanced delivery permits the direct homogeneous delivery of small- and large-molecular-weight putative therapeutics to the nervous system in a manner that bypasses the blood–nervous system barrier. The development of co-infused…
Neurovascular surgery is a broad and challenging, yet exciting field within neurologic surgery. The neurovascular surgeon must be meticulous; because the brain and spinal cord are unforgiving to ischemic insults….
The challenge for treating complex lesions with the aim of minimal surgery-related morbidity has generated an increasing demand for sophisticated intraoperative imaging modalities. Newest generations of intraoperative computed tomography (CT)…
Offering real-time, high-resolution images via intraoperative ultrasound is advantageous for a variety of peripheral nerve applications. To highlight the advantages of ultrasound, its extraoperative uses are reviewed. The current intraoperative…
Spinal instrumentation often involves placing implants without direct visualization of their trajectory or proximity to adjacent neurovascular structures. Two-dimensional fluoroscopy is commonly used to navigate implant placement, but with the…
Intraoperative fluorescence imaging allows real-time identification of diseased tissue during surgery without being influenced by brain shift and surgery interruption. 5-Aminolevulinic acid, useful for malignant gliomas and other tumors, is…
Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) has potential noninvasive effects on targeted tissue. MRgFUS integrates MRI and focused ultrasound surgery (FUS) into a single platform. MRI enables visualization of…
MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for epilepsy (LITT-E) has become an established, minimally invasive alternative to traditional epilepsy surgery. LITT-E is particularly valuable in cases in which open surgery poses…
Current knowledge of the functional anatomy of the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus, discovered through microelectrode recording and postoperative imaging, justifies purely anatomic targeting for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Interventional…
