8 Sagittal Balance in the Elderly
10.1055/b-0039-171404 8 Sagittal Balance in the ElderlyMartin Gehrchen Abstract The aging spine is a continuum of a degenerative process that affects the sagittal balance in different degrees. The evolution of…
5 Sagittal Balance: The Main Parameters
10.1055/b-0039-171401 5 Sagittal Balance: The Main ParametersJoão Luiz Pinheiro-Franco and Pierre Roussouly Abstract: While corrective surgeries that modify sagittal alignment and spinopelvic balance are highly complex and may remain the…
7 Normative Values of Sagittal Balance in Children and Adults
10.1055/b-0039-171403 7 Normative Values of Sagittal Balance in Children and AdultsJean-Marc Mac-Thiong and Fethi Laouissat Abstract Knowledge of normal sagittal balance is key when evaluating and treating patients with spinal…
4 Modeling of the Spine
10.1055/b-0039-171400 4 Modeling of the SpineCarl-Eric Aubin and Xiaoyu Wang Abstract The pelvis and vertebral column have a complex anatomical structure providing segmental motions, posture control, and functional loads bearing….
2 Spine and Spinal Cord
10.1055/b-0039-171764 2 Spine and Spinal Cord 2.1 Key Myotomes and Dermatomes and Their Main Function (Table 2.1) Motor Sensory Remarks C2 None Greater occipital nerve: occiput sensation C4 Diaphragm Clavicle…
1 Peripheral Nerves
10.1055/b-0039-171763 1 Peripheral Nerves 1.1 Diagnostic Approach for Peripheral Nerve Lesions (Table 1.1) History Symptoms (sens., weakness, atrophy) Mechanism of injury Chronological progression of symptoms Getting better/worse? Inciting events? Examination…
3 Vascular Neurosurgery
10.1055/b-0039-171765 3 Vascular Neurosurgery 3.1 Aneurysms 3.1.1 Nonruptured Aneurysms (Table 3.1a) Risk factors for aneurysm formation History Previous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Family history a Habits Smoking b , 1 Ethanol…
5 Head Injury and ICU
10.1055/b-0039-171767 5 Head Injury and ICU 5.1 Head Injury 5.1.1 Definitions (Table 5.1) Concussion Definition Immediate and transient alteration in brain function including mental status and level of consciousness Differences…
4 Oncology (Brain)
10.1055/b-0039-171766 4 Oncology (Brain) 4.1 Astrocytomas (Table 4.1a) Tumor Presentation/demographics Imaging/other diagnostics Other Treatment Astrocytomas with better prognosis: Grade I: Pilocytic astrocytoma Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma Grade II: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma…
