Lumbar disk arthroplasty uses spinal motion preservation technology for the treatment of degenerative disk disease. Implant design considerations include re-creation of near-normal physiological spinal segment motion by reproducing rotation, translation,…
Penetrating injuries to the spinal cord rank as the third leading cause of spinal cord injuries (SCIs), after motor-vehicle accidents and falls. Penetrating injuries account for almost 15% of new…
The spinal canal is anatomically narrowest at the thoracic level. Small lesions anterior and lateral to the spinal cord in this region tend to manifest with overt pain and neurologic…
Thoracic disk herniation (TDH) is a common spinal disorder, with an estimated radiographic prevalence of 11% to 37%. 1, 2, 3 Clinically symptomatic TDH is rare, however, occurring in as…
Patient Selection 6.1.1 Pathophysiology Atlantoaxial instability (AAI) or atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) is characterized by excessive motion at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) owing to either a bony…
The far lateral approach and its variants consist of an inferior lateral suboccipital craniotomy, partial condyle resection, and C1 hemilaminectomy ( ▶ Fig. 3.1). The exposure provides an oblique and…
Minimally invasive techniques have revolutionized the management of pathological conditions in various surgical disciplines and more recently have been applied to the field of spine surgery. One of the most…
Patient Selection Spinal instrumentation is used to augment the treatment of traumatic, neoplastic, congenital, and degenerative disorders of the thoracic spine in circumstances where there is structural instability. Instrumentation provides…
The correlation of preoperative imaging studies to a patient’s anatomy during spinal surgery is essential to good outcomes in spinal surgery. Using Intraoperative plain radiographs have been used for years…
Relevant Anatomy Brachial Plexus and Arm Nerve roots from C5 to T1 contribute to the formation of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, which branches to create the radial…
