Fig. 1 Cataplectic attacks in Doberman pinschers. Emotional excitations, appetizing food or playing, easily elicit multiple cataplectic attacks in these animals. Most cataplexy attacks are bilateral (97.9 %). Atonia initiated partially in…
Fig. 1 Complex interactions of the master circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), neuromodulators (e.g. orexin/hypocretin Ox/Hcrt; monoamines MA), sleep and psychiatric disorders. Circle: master circadian oscillator; Oval: neuromodulators; Snip…
Fig. 1 This figure shows occurrence view of STRING analysis for queried genes among different mammals. The following gene viz. Orx, OX1R, OX2R, ADRA1, ADRA2, ADRB1, TH, and DBH, known to…
Fig. 1 Pathways transmitting activation from hypothalamic orexin neurons to cardiorespiratory outputs. a One method often used to activate orexin neurons involves local microinjections of GABAA receptor antagonists, such as bicuculline…
Fig. 1 Schematic summary showing fiber projections of orexin neurons (top) and afferent pathways to orexin neurons (bottom) in the rodent brain. Nomenclatures: see the list of abbreviations 1.1 Projection within…
Sharf R, Sarhan M, Brayton CE et al (2010) Orexin signaling via the orexin 1 receptor mediates operant responding for food reinforcement. Biol Psychiatry 67:753–760. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.12.035 PubMedCentralPubMed Shirasaka T, Nakazato…
Fig. 1 Orexin and orexin receptors. a Structures of various species of orexin A and orexin B. The topology of the two intrachain disulfide bonds of orexin A is indicated above…
Fig. 1 Role of orexin in the regulation of glucose homeodynamics. Daily rhythm of the activation of hypothalamic orexin system is controlled by central biological clock located in suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN),…
Fig. 1 Representative hypnograms of wild-type, OX1R −/−, OX2R −/− and double receptor deficient mice over 12 h of the dark phase obtained by concatenating 16 s epoch EEG/EMG stage scores. The height…
Buskova J, Klaschka J, Sonka K, Nevsimalova S (2010) Olfactory dysfunction in narcolepsy with and without cataplexy. Sleep Med 11(6):558–561. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.01.009 CrossRefPubMed Caillol M, Aioun J, Baly C, Persuy MA,…
