10.1055/b-0035-106376 1 Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy and Material Properties of the Spine and Associated Elements 1.1 Anatomy The vertebral column complex consists of ventrally located vertebral bodies and intervening intervertebral discs…
10.1055/b-0035-106383 8 Neural Element Injury 8.1 Mechanisms of Neural Element Injury External influences can cause a cell to become dysfunctional, or to die, by one or a combination of three…
10.1055/b-0035-106382 7 Spine Deformations Spinal deformities can be the result of unstable motion segments or, conversely, can cause them. The classification of spinal deformities can be confusing. For example, the…
10.1055/b-0035-106384 9 Correlation of the Anatomical and Clinical Domains Surgery for spinal pathology can be grouped into three fundamental and relatively distinct categories: (1) surgery for neural element compression or…
10.1055/b-0035-106379 4 Bone Quality 4.1 The Demographics of Aging A deterioration of bone quality over time is inevitable. Osteoporosis is a relentlessly progressive process. However, it does not manifest until…
10.1055/b-0035-106377 2 Physical Principles and Kinematics Physics is one of the most fundamental of all sciences. An understanding of the physical principles involved in a discipline such as spine surgery…
10.1055/b-0035-106378 3 Stability and Instability of the Spine 3.1 Traditional Concepts White and Panjabi define clinical stability of the spine as the ability of the spine under physiologic loads to…
10.1055/b-0038-162477 16 Sacropelvic Fixation TechniquesSuken A. Shah Abstract Considerable flexion moments and cantilever forces at the transitional area of the lumbosacral junction necessitate strong distal fixation to allow control and…
10.1055/b-0038-162486 25 Reoperations: Instrumentation Failure, Junctional Kyphosis, and Cervical ExtensionVidyadhar V. Upasani, Corey B. Fuller, and Munish Gupta Abstract Surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis is associated with a higher complication…
10.1055/b-0038-162488 27 Baclofen Pump: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative ManagementBrian P. Scannell and Burt Yaszay Abstract Spasticity and dystonia can be managed operatively with the placement of an intrathecal baclofen pump….
