10.1055/b-0039-171402 6 Spinal Curves Segmentation and Lumbar Lordosis ClassificationAmer Sebaaly and Pierre Roussouly Abstract Since Hippocrates, spinal sagittal curvatures were described with an anatomical segmentation limiting the curves in cervical…
10.1055/b-0039-171404 8 Sagittal Balance in the ElderlyMartin Gehrchen Abstract The aging spine is a continuum of a degenerative process that affects the sagittal balance in different degrees. The evolution of…
10.1055/b-0039-171401 5 Sagittal Balance: The Main ParametersJoão Luiz Pinheiro-Franco and Pierre Roussouly Abstract: While corrective surgeries that modify sagittal alignment and spinopelvic balance are highly complex and may remain the…
10.1055/b-0039-171403 7 Normative Values of Sagittal Balance in Children and AdultsJean-Marc Mac-Thiong and Fethi Laouissat Abstract Knowledge of normal sagittal balance is key when evaluating and treating patients with spinal…
10.1055/b-0039-171400 4 Modeling of the SpineCarl-Eric Aubin and Xiaoyu Wang Abstract The pelvis and vertebral column have a complex anatomical structure providing segmental motions, posture control, and functional loads bearing….
10.1055/b-0039-172745 34 Future Growth in Navigated and Robotic Spinal SurgeryDarian R. Esfahani, Prateek Kumar, Kimberly Hu, Zachary Tan, Brandon L. Neisewander, and Ankit I. Mehta Abstract As technology advances at…
10.1055/b-0039-172744 33 What We Can Learn from Other IndustriesNikola Kocovic and I. David Kaye Abstract The current landscape of technological innovation is a remarkable one. We are living in a…
10.1055/b-0039-172741 30 Operating Room Design and EfficiencyJames Dowdell, Christopher M. Mikhail, and Andrew C. Hecht Abstract: New technologies in spine surgery are constantly being developed. These technologies are often aimed…
10.1055/b-0039-172743 32 Artificial IntelligenceJaykar R. Panchmatia and Trishan Panch Abstract This chapter aims to define artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and deep learning; study the current usage of AI in…
10.1055/b-0039-172742 31 Mounting the Learning Curve with New TechnologiesJohn E. Ziewacz Abstract: Adopting a new technique or technology in surgery requires overcoming an initial learning curve, during which complication rates…
