10.1055/b-0039-172575 13 Transodontoid ApproachFrancesco Doglietto, Francesco Belotti, Andrea Bolzoni Villaret, Marco Ravanelli Being parallel to Kassam’s line, 1 which is considered the inferior anatomical boundary of transnasal endoscopic surgery, the…
10.1055/b-0039-172574 12 Transclival (Lower Clivus) ApproachMarco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Mattavelli, Alberto Schreiber, Francesco Doglietto As seen from the transnasal perspective, the lower third of the clivus almost corresponds to…
10.1055/b-0039-172573 11 Transclival (Midclivus) ApproachVittorio Rampinelli, Davide Mattavelli, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Alberto Schreiber The transclival route can be classified into upper, middle, and lower approaches according to two landmarks:…
10.1055/b-0039-172570 8 Transplanum–Transtuberculum ApproachDavide Mattavelli, Marco Ravanelli, Davide Lancini, Marco Ferrari, Alberto Schreiber The transplanum–transtuberculum approach provides direct access to the suprasellar areas through the planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae,…
10.1055/b-0039-172571 9 Transsellar ApproachFrancesco Doglietto, Marco Ravanelli, Francesco Belotti, Marco Maria Fontanella The transsellar endoscopic approach to remove pituitary adenomas represented the first application of the endoscopic technique to transnasal…
10.1055/b-0039-172567 5 Corridor to Lateral SpacesAlberto Schreiber, Vittorio Rampinelli, Marco Ferrari, Marco Ravanelli Lateral exposure is exceedingly important when approaching skull base pathologies with extension along the medial–lateral axis. Some…
10.1055/b-0039-172565 3 Corridor to the Anterior Skull Base and OrbitDavide Mattavelli, Giacomo Bertazzoni, Alberto Schreiber, Marco Ravanelli, Luca Pianta The corridor toward midline anterior skull base and orbit is mostly…
10.1055/b-0039-172566 4 Corridor to Sella Turcica, Surrounding Areas, Posterior Skull Base, and Cervical SpineFrancesco Belotti, Davide Lancini, Marco Ravanelli, Stefano Taboni, Francesco Doglietto The corridors illustrated in this chapter pass…
10.1055/b-0039-172568 6 Transfrontal ApproachFrancesco Belotti, Marco Ravanelli, Marco Angelo Cocchi, Vittorio Rampinelli, Francesco Doglietto In very selected cases, the frontal sinus can serve as a corridor toward lesions with isolated…
10.1055/b-0039-172564 2 Nasal CorridorsVittorio Rampinelli, Davide Mattavelli, Marco Ravanelli, Alberto Schreiber Endoscopic surgery of the skull base and adjacent areas takes advantage of the natural corridor of the sinonasal tract….
