Fig. 2.1 Angiographic anatomy of the right internal carotid artery Fig. 2.2 Angiographic anatomy of the vertebrobasilar system Inside the skull, each internal carotid artery bifurcates to form the anterior cerebral artery…
Fig. 9.1 Very acute phase of intraparenchymal haemorrhage of the posterior limb of the left internal capsule (oxyhaemoglobin) occurring during a hypertensive crisis. The haematoma is hyperdense (a) on CT scan…
Fig. 1.1 MRI FLAIR and T2* sequences 24 h after onset of left middle cerebral artery infarction. Cerebral oedema is hyperintense on the FLAIR sequence (a star). Deep focal haemorrhagic transformation is…
Fig. 12.1 Four grades of leukoaraiosis according to Brant-Zawadzki’s classification in 4 different patients. Grade 1 a occasional frontal periventricular hyperintensities. Grade 2 b hyperintensities visible in the occipital horns. Grade…
Fig. 7.1 Cerebral vasculitis in a 50-year-old female with a history of TIA. MRI FLAIR sequence (a arrows): focal white matter hyperintensities. Left thalamic hypointensity on T2* sequence (b hollow arrow)…
Fig. 3.1 Right superficial middle cerebral artery infarction: hyperintense signal on diffusion-weighted imaging (a and b) with embolic material from irregular stenosis of the right carotid artery (c, cerebral MR angiography:…
Fig. 14.1 22-year-old female patient with left middle cerebral artery infarction and right hemiplegia and aphasia. The NIHSS score was 20. MRI performed 3 h after onset of symptoms shows abnormalities on…
Fig. 8.1 Sickle-cell anaemia in a 26-year-old male patient resulting in moyamoya syndrome. The TOF sequence shows bilateral terminal internal carotid artery occlusion (a hollow arrow, occluded right internal carotid artery)…
Fig. 13.1 Incidental finding on MRI (a FLAIR sequence) of numerous focal white matter hyperintensities in a 54-year-old female patient with no particular history investigated for nonspecific chronic headache. The patient…
Fig. 11.1 Arterial vascular anatomy of the spinal cord Pathophysiology Two types of spinal cord infarction are distinguished: Global ischaemia secondary to low cardiac output (cardiac arrest, severe hypotension in a…
