Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas
Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas Key Points The intraocular pressure is an important datum in the deliberation on when it is necessary to treat a patient with a carotid-cavernous fistula urgently, particularly when…
Pediatric Ischemic Stroke and Arteriopathy
Pediatric Ischemic Stroke and Arteriopathy Key Points The spectrum of transient or progressive cerebral arteriopathy of childhood may not be familiar to those with a predominantly adult-based practice. Intracranial dissection…
Vascular Malformations of the Spine
Vascular Malformations of the Spine Key Points All of the available sources of supply to the anterior spinal artery may not declare themselves readily on the initial angiographic evaluation. Care…
Cranial Dural Vascular Malformations
Cranial Dural Vascular Malformations Key Points The physiologic impact of dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVMs) is determined almost exclusively by the pattern of venous drainage. Treatment of DAVMs must strive to…
Vascular Malformations of the Brain
Vascular Malformations of the Brain Key Points Most procedural problems during embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) occur at the time of microcatheter withdrawal. Intensive management of the patient following…
Intracranial Aneurysms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Intracranial Aneurysms, Diagnosis and Treatment Key Points Intracranial aneurysms are delicate structures prone to procedural rupture or perforation. Treat them very gently. Rotational 3D angiography has improved enormously the angiographic…
The External Carotid Artery and Extracranial Circulation
The External Carotid Artery and Extracranial Circulation Key Points The anatomy of the extracranial circulation is in many ways more challenging than that of the intracranial system. Proficiency in this…
The Venous System
The Venous System Key Points Venous anatomy can vary a great deal meaning that the clinical impact of venous pathology or excessive venous flow can be very variable from one…
The Arteries of the Posterior Fossa
The Arteries of the Posterior Fossa Key Points Perforator branches of the brainstem are difficult to see angiographically but injury to them can be the mechanism of devastating ischemic deficits…
The Extradural Vertebral Arteries
The Extradural Vertebral Arteries Key Points The anterior spinal artery is a major focus of concern in all vertebral artery catheterizations and embolizations. Anastomotic connections between the vertebral arteries and…
