Overview The indications for a posterior or far-lateral approach to the craniocervical junction (CCJ) are diverse and include craniocervical instability, neoplasm, trauma, and degenerative changes. This includes pathologies such as…
Overview Retropharyngeal approaches to the upper cervical spine are anterior approaches directed through the fascial planes of the neck. The main advantage of anterior approaches is the direct route to…
Overview A variety of surgical approaches have been developed for lesions located at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Access to the CVJ can be achieved via anterior, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, and…
Overview Pathology of the craniocervical junction remains technically difficult to access, but because of advancements in instruments, the operating microscope, endoscopic techniques, and materials to repair skull base defects, these…
Overview The clivus, craniovertebral junction (CVJ), and ventral upper cervical spine are relatively inaccessible, and surgical approaches to these structures are intimidating; however, a wide range of pathologic lesions can…
