Approach to the Posterior Aspect of C1–C2
(1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA 1. Position the patient’s head in the self-retaining neurosurgical head fixation device that is attached to the table. Attach the…
Lumbar Laminotomy, Foraminotomy, Root Decompression, and Discectomy in the Lateral Position
(1) Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA The major objective in surgery of herniated lumbar discs is decompression of…
Transperitoneal Midline Approach to L4–S1
(1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA 1. Position the patient supine over the flexion crease in the table and hyperextend the lumbar spine for greater exposure….
Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Approach to L5–S1
(1) Cedars-Sinai Spine Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA The patient is placed in the supine position on a Jackson table with an inflatable bag under the lumbar spine in…
Bilateral Paraspinous Lumbosacral Approach
and Robert G. WatkinsIV1 (1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA The most commonly used approaches to this area are the direct paraspinous muscle-splitting incision and the more lateral…
Laparoscopic Approach to the L3–L4 and L4–L5 Intervertebral Discs
, Sanjay Ghosh2 and Srinath Samudrala3 (1) University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA (2) SENTA Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA (3) The Spine Institute at Glendale…
Anterior Extraperitoneal Midline Incision of L2–S1
(1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA 1. Position the patient supine on the table, the lower lumbar spine at the level of the kidney rests. …
Microcervical Foraminotomy: An Alternative Posterior Technique for Intractable Radicular Pain
(1) University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Microcervical foraminotomy (MCF) is the term used by this author to specifically define a posterior microsurgical technique that has…
Video Endoscopic Approach to the Thoracic Spine
(1) Cedars-Sinai Spine Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA An anterior approach is optimal for many disease processes of the thoracic spine. These approaches have required a posterolateral thoracotomy to…
Eleventh Rib Approach
(1) Marina Spine Center, Marina del Rey, CA, USA 1. Make a standard skin incision over the entire length of the left 11th rib. Extend the incision from the…
