Anatomy and Surgical Approaches
IPatient Evaluation and Spine Overview 1 Anatomy and Surgical Approaches 2 History and Physical Examination 3 Spinal Imaging and Diagnostic Tests 4 Biomechanics of the Spine and Spinal Instrumentation 5…
Biomechanics of the Spine and Spinal Instrumentation
4Biomechanics of the Spine and Spinal Instrumentation I. General considerations A. Functional spinal unit 1. Intervertebral disk 2. Adjacent vertebral bodies 3. Facet joint complex B. Spinal stability 1. Under…
Spinal Tumors
VMiscellaneous 19 Spinal Tumors 20 Spinal Infections 21 Rheumatoid Arthritis 22 Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies 23 Pediatric Cervical Spine Disorders 19Spinal Tumors I. Evaluation A. History 1. Pain (localized versus radicular) is…
Spinal Infections
20Spinal Infections Vertebral Osteomyelitis I. Incidence/risk factors A. Approximately 2 to 7% of all osteomyelitis (1 to 2% in children) B. Lumbar > thoracic > cervical C. Males > females…
Lumbar Disk Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment Options
13Lumbar Disk Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment Options I. General considerations A. Incidence 1. Eighty percent of the population will experience back pain. 2. Two to 3% will experience lower extremity…
Degenerative Cervical Spine Disorders: Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment
11Degenerative Cervical Spine Disorders: Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment ♦ Cervical Degenerative Disease I. Clinical categories A. Discogenic axial pain with or without referred pain B. Disc herniation 1. Myelopathy 2….
Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
IVDeformity 16 Lumbar Spondylolisthesis 17 Scoliosis 18 Kyphotic Spinal Deformities in Children and Adults 16Lumbar Spondylolisthesis I. Introduction A. Definitions 1. Spondylolisthesis—displacement of one vertebra on another 2. Spondylolysis—lytic defect…
Surgical Management of Axial Back Pain
15Surgical Management of Axial Back Pain ♦ Introduction I. Lifetime incidence of low back pain estimated at 80% of general population A. Fourteen percent of new patient visits to physicians…
Pediatric Cervical Spine Disorders
23Pediatric Cervical Spine Disorders I. Developmental anatomy A. Atlas 1. Neurocentral synchondrosis forms at 6 to 24 months. a. Fusion begins at 4 to 6 years. b. Posterior synchondrosis fuses…
Rheumatoid Arthritis
21Rheumatoid Arthritis I. Rheumatoid arthritis A. Clinical findings 1. Most commonly affects the cervical spine 2. Within 5 years of serological diagnosis, 30 to 50% develop subluxation. 3. Most common…
