Neupsy Key

EXTRADURAL TUMORS Extradural tumors are usually metastases to the vertebrae that subsequently invade the epidural space (see Plate 2-21). Almost any neoplasm can spread to the spine, but spinal metastases…

The common mechanism in the patient with a potentially reversible condition is the presence of a mass lesion that has reached a critical size. Because the spinal cord lies within…

AUTONOMIC IMPAIRMENT In addition to its somatic components, the spinal cord also contains autonomic nerve fibers, carried in the intermediolateral columns. A lesion at any level may cause sphincter dysfunction….

The upper and lower visual fields are also topographically mapped onto the lateral geniculate body and visual cortex. The upper field is represented in the lateral parts of the lateral…

The medial and lateral rectus muscles move the eyeball horizontally, causing the cornea to look medially or laterally. The actions of the superior and inferior rectus muscles and those of…

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Each taste bud consists of up to 100 polarized neuroepithelial cells that form “islands” of columnar pseudostratified cells embedded in the epithelium. Each bud has a central taste pore through…

The direct motor component of the pyramidal tract runs from the precentral gyrus through the posterior limb of the internal capsule and into the midbrain, where it gives slips to…

DISORDERS OF THE VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE AND SYSTEM Vestibular Ménière disease is an idiopathic process characterized by bouts of episodic vertigo, fluctuating but eventually progressive sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and a…

The mandibular nerve (V3) is the largest branch of the trigeminal nerve and consists of a large sensory root and a small trigeminal motor root. The sensory portion innervates the…