Tension-Type Headache and Other Benign Episodic and Chronic Headaches
Chronic TTH (15 or more days monthly) is the most prevalent form of chronic daily headache. Episodic TTH usually lasts from 30 minutes to 7 days. It is subclassified into…
Migraine Management
When migraine attacks occur infrequently (3 days or fewer per month) and are not associated with prolonged neurologic symptoms, abortive treatments are probably sufficient. However, daily prophylactic treatment should be…
Migraine Presentation
Although head pain is the most debilitating aspect of migraine, a migraine attack may unfold through a series of four phases: (1) prodrome, (2) aura (when present), (3) headache, and…
Migraine Aura
When sensory aura accompanies visual aura, it tends to follow visual aura within minutes. This aura typically begins as unilateral paresthesias in a limb or one side of the face….
Migraine Pathophysiology
Until the 1980s, the accepted explanation for migraine attacks was the vascular theory of migraine, which suggested that migraine headache was caused by the dilation of cranial blood vessels, while…
Overview of Headaches
Physicians treating patients for headache must decide whether the headache represents a primary or secondary headache syndrome. Primary headaches are most common and include disorders such as migraine, tension-type headache,…
Differential Diagnosis of CNS Tumors
Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Imaging typically reveals multiple lesions in a characteristic pattern, such as “Dawson’s fingers” (periventricular…
Treatment Modalities
Radiation therapy is frequently used as adjunctive therapy or primary therapy. Primary therapy may be for curative intent, palliation, or stabilization. Ionizing radiation is the mainstay of treatment in neurooncology,…
Intraventricular Tumors
Lateral ventricle tumors, while varying in pathology, all arise from cells located within or around the ventricular walls. About half of lateral ventricular tumors consist of low-grade gliomas with choroid…
