Herpes Zoster
Encephalitis. Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis can develop associated with zoster, follow zoster by days to months, or may develop without any history of a vesicular rash. The symptoms of encephalitis include…
HIV Life Cycle and Antiretroviral Medications
A primary vacuolar and inflammatory myelopathy may occur in AIDS and may mimic the myelopathy of vitamin B12 or copper deficiency, with predominant involvement of the posterior columns. There is…
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) enterovirus. There are three immunologically defined serotypes of poliovirus (serotypes 1, 2, and 3), all of which cause paralytic disease. Natural polio infection…
Primary HIV Infection of the Nervous System
Acute aseptic meningitis is a common manifestation in patients with primary neurologic HIV-1 infection (PNHI) and leads to headache and meningismus. Other less common neurologic presentations are with meningoencephalitis, encephalopathy,…
Aseptic Meningitis
SELECT ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUS INFECTIONS Various mosquito-borne viruses may cause an infectious encephalitis. Treatment is primarily symptomatic, making preventive strategies important, especially for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as eastern equine encephalitis…
Tuberculosis of Brain and Spine
The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis is made by examination of the spinal fluid. The classic spinal fluid abnormalities in tuberculous meningitis are as follows: (1) elevated opening pressure, (2) lymphocytic…
Spirochetal Infections: Lyme Disease
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Spirochetal Infections: Neurosyphilis
Asymptomatic neurosyphilis is defined by the presence of spinal fluid abnormalities in the absence of neurologic signs and symptoms. Syphilitic meningitis is defined by the appearance of meningeal signs and…
Neurocysticercosis
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