Neuronal Migration
Abstract As progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glia (see Chapter 5 ), these cells migrate to form the cerebral cortex in an elaborate and still not completely…
Neurological Examination: Normal and Abnormal Features
The neurological evaluation of the newborn comprises, as it does at other ages in pediatric medicine, the history, physical examination, and appropriate specialized studies. Appropriate neurodevelopmental follow-up is the critical…
Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in the Term Infant: Pathophysiology
Abstract This chapter addresses the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic injury. The neuropathology of this injury includes three principal lesions: selective neuronal necrosis, parasagittal cerebral injury, and cerebral white matter injury. Several…
Neuronal Proliferation
Abstract The awesome complexity of the human brain begins its evolution after the essential external form is established by the events described in Chapters 1 and 2 . The events…
Myelination Events
Abstract Myelination is characterized by the acquisition of the highly specialized myelin membrane around axons. It begins before birth within the caudal brain stem and progresses rostrally to the forebrain,…
Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up
Abstract Neurodevelopmental follow-up is a critical component of the evaluation of the neurological development and ongoing clinical needs of the high-risk newborn. Such follow-up is important because it has become…
Prosencephalic Development
Abstract The prosencephalon develops at the rostral end of the recently closed neural tube, starting early in the second month of gestation. Through a series of cleavages, the prosencephalon develops…
Congenital Hydrocephalus
The terms ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus are often used inconsistently and imprecisely in the literature. In this discussion we use ventriculomegaly as an overarching term to describe excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)…
Neural Tube Development
Abstract The central neuroaxis develops from a streak of ectodermal cells on the dorsal surface of the embryo that specialize into neuroepithelium, starting as a plate of cells that develops…
