Selected Stroke Syndromes
Selected Stroke Syndromes CASE A 67-year-old hypertensive male smoker comes in with sudden onset of complete paralysis of the right side of the body. His right face is weak, and…
Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorders CASE A 45-year-old electrician comes to you for his “epilepsy.” He has been treated for years by another neurologist with up to three anti-epileptic drugs at a time…
Tremor and Movement Disorders
Tremor and Movement Disorders CASE The wife of a 56-year-old man has noticed that he walks behind her when they go to the park. He seems to have problems getting…
Muscle Weakness
Muscle Weakness CASE A 43-year-old man has a 6-week history of difficulty getting out of bed, arising from a chair, combing his hair, and going up stairs. He has noticed…
Peripheral Nerve and Root Dysfunction
Peripheral Nerve and Root Dysfunction CASE A 16-year-old male, right-handed high school student is out for the very first time with a girl at a double feature. He has his…
Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal Cord Compression CASE A 64-year-old woman with known multiple myeloma has a 1-week history of sharp back pain radiating around the left costal margin that is worse with coughing….
Hyporeflexia/Peripheral Neuropathy
Hyporeflexia/Peripheral Neuropathy Hypoactive reflexes are caused by disease between the spinal cord and muscle, typically involving the root, plexus, or peripheral nerves. Reduced reflexes indicate that one or more components…
Hyperreflexia
Hyperreflexia Normal reflexes suggest that the motor system is functioning appropriately. The main motor pathway, the corticospinal tract, descends from the cortex to different segments of the spinal cord. Neurons…
