Electrical signalling in neurons
Chapter 6 Electrical signalling in neurons Chapter contents The neuron at rest Excitability The action potential Axonal conduction Neurons are excitable cells, meaning that they respond to stimulation and can…
Sensory and motor pathways
Chapter 4 Sensory and motor pathways Chapter contents Spinal segments Somatic sensory pathways Somatic motor pathways Lower motor neurons Reflexes and muscle tone The central nervous system contains a large…
Head injury
Chapter 9 Head injury Chapter contents Clinical aspects Pathology of head injury Brain swelling and intracranial pressure Minor head injury In the UK, trauma is the leading cause of death…
Development of the brain
Chapter 2 Development of the brain Chapter contents Neural tube formation Divisions of the brain Ventricular system Neural tube formation The central nervous system is derived from the neural tube,…
Synaptic transmission
Chapter 7 Synaptic transmission Chapter contents General principles Neurotransmitters Postsynaptic receptors Synaptic integration General principles The majority of synapses in the brain and spinal cord are chemical, meaning that the…
NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE LIMBS
chapter 3 Neurological Examination of the Limbs Learning how to perform a neurological examination requires repeated practice. Practice without an understanding of how to examine the various aspects of the…
THE CRANIAL NERVES AND UNDERSTANDING THE BRAINSTEM THE ‘RULE OF 4’
chapter 4 The Cranial Nerves and Understanding the Brainstem THE ‘RULE OF 4’ The first section of this chapter will describe the anatomy, the techniques for examining the individual cranial…
CLINICALLY ORIENTED NEUROANATOMY: ‘MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE AND PARALLELS OF LATITUDE’
chapter 1 Clinically Oriented Neuroanatomy ‘MERIDIANS OF LONGITUDE AND PARALLELS OF LATITUDE’ Although most textbooks on clinical neurology begin with a chapter on history taking, there is a very good…
COMMON NECK, ARM AND UPPER BACK PROBLEMS
chapter 11 Common Neck, Arm and Upper Back Problems Neck and arm pain and sensory disturbance with or without weakness in the arm are very common complaints. This chapter will…
HEADACHE AND FACIAL PAIN
chapter 9 Headache and Facial Pain Headache is one of the commonest problems encountered in neurology. This chapter is not intended to be a comprehensive review of headache. The approach…
