194 Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous MalformationsRicardo J. Komotar, Marc L. Otten, Michal A. Rynkowski, and Michael B. Sisti Indications Small, deep-seated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), especially those in eloquent areas…
VIRadiosurgery 193 Stereotactic Radiosurgery PlanningDavid Mathieu and Douglas S. Kondziolka ♦ Stereotactic Imaging Basic Principles The first step in a planning radiosurgical procedure is to obtain adequate high quality stereotactic…
139 Spinal Cord Cavernous MalformationsPeter D. Angevine Indications Neurologic symptoms; may be gradual, stepwise decline or sudden deterioration secondary to hemorrhage ♦ Preoperative Operative Planning Review imaging (magnetic resonance imaging)…
191 Carotid Percutaneous TransluminalAngioplasty and StentingMarc L. Otten, Maxwell B. Merkow, and Philip M. Meyers Indications Symptomatic stenosis greater than 70% by North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria Focal…
132 Intramedullary AstrocytomasTanvir F. Choudhri and Paul C. McCormick Surgical Indications Biopsy and/or resection is appropriate to consider for Establishing diagnosis Debulking tumor to reduce mass effect Debulking more appropriate…
190 Endovascular Treatment of Spinal Arteriovenous MalformationsMarc L. Otten, Matthew C. Garrett, and Philip M. Meyers Indications Indications depend on the treatment plan, which is individualized to each patient, the…
189 Endovascular Treatment of Vein of GalenMalformationsRicardo J. Komotar, Marc L. Otten, and Sean D. Lavine Indications The natural history of the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) depends on…
137 Spinal Arteriovenous MalformationsPeter D. Angevine Indications Posteriorly located glomus arteriovenous malformations (AVMs; type II): localized nidus of smaller blood vessels within a confined segment of spinal cord parenchyma Posteriorly…
188 Endovascular Treatment of Direct andIndirect Cavernous Carotid FistulasRicardo J. Komotar, Marc L. Otten, and Sean D. Lavine Indications Preexisting cavernous aneurysm rupture and carotid artery traumatic injury cause direct…
187 Ventriculoperitoneal ShuntDonald W. Larsen and Gabriel Zada Indications Carotid balloon test occlusion Test feasibility of carotid occlusion/deconstruction Aneurysms not amenable to clipping/embolization (i.e., giant aneurysms) Aggressive, unresectable head and…
