Hypothalamic hormone Main pituitary hormone Target organs Target hormones CRH Increases ACTH Adrenal gland Increases cortisol, DHEA, aldosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone GHRH Increases GH Liver Increases IGF-1 Somatostatin Inhibits GH GnRH Increases…
Tumor origin Specific entity Neuroendocrine tumors Pituitary adenoma Atypical adenoma Pituitary carcinoma Non-neuroendocrine tumors Pituicytoma Granular cell tumor Spindle cell oncocytoma Gangliocytoma Tumors of non-pituitary origin Craniopharyngioma Meningioma Chordoma Langerhans…
18 SPEECH AND SWALLOWING THERAPY SPEECH AND SWALLOWING ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH MOVEMENT DISORDERS Speech and swallowing abnormalities occur frequently in patients with movement disorders. The evaluation and treatment of motor…
4 PARKINSON’S DISEASE OVERVIEW OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE James Parkinson wrote and published “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” in 1817.1 However, in India, paralysis agitans was described under the name…
19 NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Good nutrition is essential to maintain the well-being of individuals with neurological disease. There are several reasons why nutrition is important in movement disorders: Nutrition may impact…
3 PARKINSONISM The cardinal tetrad of parkinsonism includes tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and postural instability.1 The most common cause of parkinsonism is Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is discussed in Chapters 2…
16 SURGICAL APPROACH TO MOVEMENT DISORDERS HISTORY OF SURGERY FOR MOVEMENT DISORDERS In the 1950s, Cooper first described ligation of the anterior choroidal artery for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease…
10 SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS Although most movement disorders typically disappear during sleep, some persist, and some even occur almost exclusively while the patient is asleep or falling asleep. Movement disorders…
