Impact of Seizures on Outcome
Fig. 2.1 PRISMA flowchart of the literature search methods and results Electrographic Seizures in the Intensive Care Unit Electrographic seizures and electrographic SE are frequent and are often associated with…
Neurorehabilitation: Strategies of Lower Extremities Restoration
(1) Spinal Cord Injury Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany (2) Department for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany …
Spinal Cord Compression
Fig. 7.1 Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: Sagittal T2-weighted MR image showing a multisegmental degenerative narrowing of the spinal canal at cervical level with depleted subarachnoid space and a hyperintense intramedullary signal…
Syringomyelia
Diagnosis Total Syringomyelia Craniocervical junction 756 556 Chiari I 651 485 (74.5 %) Chiari II 45 29 (64.4 %) Foramen magnum arachnoiditis 33 33 (100 %) Posterior fossa tumors 12…
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Spinal Cord
Fig. 2.1 The human vertebral column from (a) median-sagittal, (b) ventral, and (c) in a cross-sectional view of a cervical segment. Note the increasing shift between spinal segments and in…
Neuroprosthetics
Fig. 24.1 Typical FES stimulation waveforms. (a) Rectangular pulse with exponential charge balance pulse. (b) Biphasic rectangular pulse. (c) Biphasic, rectangular pulse with reduced amplitude, but increased width of charge…
Neurogenic Respiratory Failure
Fig. 17.1 Number of patients in Germany in need of ventilation at the time of hospital discharge 17.2 Epidemiology of Ventilated Patients In a registry of all German-speaking countries, data…
Neurorehabilitation of the Upper Extremity
Fig. 22.1 Distribution of the initial (<4 weeks post injury) and chronic (6–12 months post injury) ASIA impairment scale (AIS) grades grouped by the initial (<4 weeks post injury) neurological…
Cardiovascular Dysfunction Following Spinal Cord Injury
Fig. 14.1 Autonomic cardiovascular control. The cerebral cortex and hypothalamus project to the nuclei of the medulla oblongata, where autonomic cardiovascular control is coordinated and integrated with input from baroreceptors,…
Infectious, Autoimmune and Other Immune-Mediated Causes of Myelitis
Diseasea Clinical presentation and diagnostic characteristics Myelitis with autoimmune-/immune–mediated CNS disorders Multiple sclerosis (MS) Relapsing or progressive, lesions typically short and laterally localised in the spinal cord, cranial MRI with…
