Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
Abstract The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a unique neural structure in the nervous system as it not only houses the somata of the primary sensory neurons (PSNs) but also…
Mechanisms of Action of Deep Brain Stimulation: A Review
Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was first used to treat essential tremor and the movement disorders associated with Parkinson disease. Its success led to its consideration as treatment for a…
Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Mechanism of Action
Abstract There has been a steady increase in the amount of published data on the mechanism of action (MOA) of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the past 2 decades, but…
Mechanisms of Action of Sacral Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Disorders of the Bladder and Bowel
Abstract Neuromodulation elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral or spinal nerves is a US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for treating several disorders of the pelvic viscera. Although the detailed…
Fundamentals of Burst Stimulation of the Spinal Cord and Brain
Abstract Burst stimulation was developed based on a very simple principle that mimicking naturally occurring firing patterns might be beneficial for neuromodulation. Its main benefit lies in the capacity of…
Spinal Cord Stimulation: Mechanisms of Action
Abstract Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used in managing chronic pain conditions that are refractory to current pharmacotherapies. However, conventional SCS has often been associated with suboptimal efficacy and…
Big Data and Deep Brain Stimulation
Abstract Surgeons, neurologists, researchers, and patients have lacked the technology-based tools to facilitate sharing the tremendously valuable data about patients’ treatment and research in regard to what is working and…
The Safe Delivery of Electrical Currents and Neuromodulation
Abstract The safe delivery of electrical currents for the stimulation of neural tissue requires careful consideration of stimulus intensities to avoid tissue and electrode damage. This chapter discusses charge density…
MRI and fMRI for Neuromodulation
Abstract Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are revolutionizing our understanding of brain structure and function. The integration of this technology in patients with neuromodulation devices raises some compatibility and…
Patient-Specific Modeling of Deep Brain Stimulation
Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established clinical therapy for a wide range of neurological disorders and constantly under investigation for increasing indications. Yet even after decades of clinical…
